At the same time, it also greatly increased the popularity of the betting portal. 2019;19(2):16072. Scully M, Dixon H, Wakefield M. Association between commercial television exposure and fast-food consumption among adults. The impact of the pandemic goes beyond temporary performanceit has also accelerated changes that will have long-lasting impacts on companies throughout the sporting goods value chain. This past season, the top 20 non-sports programs eked out 1.27 million members of the dollar demo. There was variation across the numbers of brand appearances in games played by Russia compared to the other matches involving other countries in the same group. The campaign was really well done, created a strong bond between team and fans and at the same time awesome material for marketing outlets. Section 9.5 further states that no excessive prominence may be granted to a product, service, or trademark in programming without an editorial reason. Television food advertising to children: a global perspective. As with everything on the web, this requires that you make it all about the end user. Brands are often interested in advertising during limited time windows for the greatest effect, such as a movie being advertised before its release. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA Enterprise and the Google. Unfortunately, a physical-activity gap linked to income levels already exists, with less-affluent households tending to exercising less. Last week, NBC announced that it had sold 85% of its Super Bowl inventory, a flurry of business that was worked over the course of what broadcasters are calling the strongest upfront market in a generation. GRP is calculated by multiplying the number of Spots by Rating. UK viewing figures for the UK were supplied by Digital.I [29]. Examples may be customers within a specific age range (age targeting) or a different geographic region or city (geo-targeting). You can get in touch with him via Twitter or through his website. Available from: https://ukctas.net/pdfs/20181115-ofcom-letter-to-Alex-Barker.pdf. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2018/04/02/anheuser-busch-launches-revolutionary-incentive-based-sponsorship-model/, CNBC. In the next normal, winners will be characterized by: Winning players will not necessarily possess all these attributes. The market prices of these two goods are Px=$15P_x=\$ 15Px=$15 and Py=$5. However, Ofcom has no authority over sports sponsorship agreements, such as when a corporation sponsors a stadium, a team, or a single athlete, and Ofcom guidance notes that the context of advertising is taken into account, with more in situ advertising planned at sporting venues [21, 22]. Any such tickets presented to a client or prospect would be considered a gift, deductible under Sec. However, those that can get a grip on most of them will be best positioned to create a virtuous cycle of commercial excellence, increased salesleading to higher fixed-cost degressionand more cash for investment. Networks sell impressions, and when the supply of those impressions is reduced, the commodity is rendered more valuable still, so long as advertiser demand remains flat to up. Toss cable programming into the mix and sports was responsible for 37% of all impressions served up on linear TV. 8. Around 40 percent of people are less active, while around 30 percent are more active. Alcohol industry and non-alcohol industry sponsorship of sportspeople and drinking. Since recycling is likely to be a bottleneck, brands need to engage with innovative concepts, such as direct-to-consumer circularity. Alcohol Alcohol. In addition to impressions and clicks, conversions and events are two other important metrics that you should track when evaluating the performance of your ad campaigns. Google Scholar. British Universities Film & Video Council. Executives are cautiously optimistic and are focused on growth opportunities: 64 percent of respondents to the WFSGIMcKinsey Sporting Goods Survey expect better or much better market conditions. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/news/news/2018/10/policies-to-limit-marketing-of-unhealthy-foods-to-children-fall-short-of-protecting-their-health-and-rights. That way, if you are struggling with how to market your own sports team or club, you can learn from what others are doing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK37586/. With respect to alcohol, the code seeks to prevent the general appeal of these products to children and young adults [18, 19, 39]. A gross impression is the default term and is simply . McDonalds has been top sponsor of the Olympics and contributed around $1 billion every four years before ending the sponsorship in 2018 [38]. This includes transportation, food, lodging, and entertainment. Categories that did well in 2020 (including outdoor individual sports, home exercise, yoga, e-sports, and virtual races) are expected to remain popular in 2021. This is a great and cheap tool and the use of hashtags is already widely adopted. Gross Impressions: The total number of exposures to a media schedule or the total number of times a commercial is heard. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript. Our first contender is not promoting a specific team, club or sport but being active in general. Its also important to note that this doesnt have to be expensive. The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. For example, while the gecko is likely the first thing that comes to mind when the word Geico wobbles its way into the cochlea, the array of personalities who rep the brand are legion. The Marketing Mix is also known as the 4P's. Amount of money individuals have available to spend after paying for the . As one might expect, a massive chunk of the sports spend winds up in the coffers of the NFLs network partners. To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of _________. Per capita total impression, and impressions delivered to children of HFSS in selected matches during the FIFA 2018 World Cup, Per capita total impression, and impression delivered to children of alcohol in selected matches during the FIFA 2018 World Cup. If these young people are already drinking, exposure to alcoholic content increases their chances of drinking at hazardous levels [40]. Gross impression The number of times per advertisement, game, or show that a product or service is associated with an athlete, team, or entertainer Demographics Common characteristics of a group, such as age range, marital status, gender, and income level Promotion Ways to make customers aware if products and encourage them to buy Marketing The past year saw a drastic shift toward digital fitness, driven by physical-distancing and stay-at-home requirements. Sustainabilitythe COVID-19-accelerated next normal. This article summarizes some of the reports findings. The first is inspiring people who already do sport to do it more often. Available from: http://bufvc.ac.uk/category/learningonscreen. Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents food choices and eating behaviors. With great success. In other words, in the year prior to the coronavirus outbreak, more than a third of the ads that were actually viewed aired during a sporting event. Online advertising firms operate and are commonly reimbursed based on the number of gross impressions that an ad generates. It denotes "exposure to the medium" Gross Impressions: Total number of opportunities to see an advertisement, as provided by a campaign or plan. 2018 [cited 2021 Dec 23]. 2014;49(3):3438. Per capita HFSS impressions delivered by the sample matches are shown in Fig. The advertising brand or agency they are working with will contract with the digital advertising firm using an insertion order for a number of gross impressions and will typically pay per every thousand impressions served. BBC. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. As a result, the past year has seen a leap forward in online shopping, and many first-time shoppers will stick with their new habits. Athleisurethe new default and a competitive battleground. 274 (b) (1) only to the extent total gifts during the year do not exceed $25. While some advertising brands will rely on these calculations, many use third-party impression tracking agency to keep track of the impressions served. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Full details of the matches, date played and the UK terrestrial television channel which broadcast the match are given in Table1. Alcohol consumption in young adults: the role of multisensory imagery. Spectators of sporting events are the potential consumers of a wide array of products. Research the internet for job types in marketing, sports or entertainment, marketing. 5. 2014;14(1):342. Then lets get going. Trends set to shape the industry in 2021. Further analysis showed that the duration for HFSS imagery (5642s) and alcohol (2478s) in Group G was higher compared to (5235s) for HFSS and (2378s) for alcohol in Group A (Table 6). Most were already emerging ahead of COVID-19, but the dramatic events of the past year have accelerated their introduction and heightened their impact. 2021 [cited 2021 Aug 7]. Which isnt to suggest that the other leagues arent earning their keep. To promote & sell products, a company must know the needs & wants of the target market. Gross impressions are therefore the measuring stick by what the success of an advertisement is viewed by, as well as how advertisers and publishers are reimbursed by the advertising brand. When not helping others with their content marketing and online business, he can most often be found at the gym, the dojo or traveling the world with his wife. Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD. Finally, the most important thing is that you find a way to engage with people. By using existing tools, the campaign proved to be simple, cheap and effective. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Ad Event, Ad Engagement and Ad Interaction. Movendi International. 2012;17(2):379407. Addict Behav. Article Available from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081016124244.htm, France: alcohol advertising ban wins case in high-court. Match results, lineups, live scores, tables and video highlights all showed up right in the search engine. Even while broadcasters reckon with a contracting audience basethe number of adults 18-49 who watched TV this season was down 17% versus the 2019-20 campaign, a drop which coincides with a shrinking pay-TV base (only two-thirds, or 67%, of all TV homes now subscribe to a wireline cable/satellite/telco service)the sports ad dollars havent budged. What is the value of Sports Marketing ? To win in the next normal, players must adapt to a shifting landscape. Our coding instrument separately listed each appearance of the HFSS brands Coca Cola, McDonalds, Powerade, and the alcohol brand Budweiser on digital advertising billboards along the perimeter of the pitch. However, we have no reasons to suspect that the other groups and games would have been different, given our finding of the similarity of alcohol appearances in games featuring countries with different controls on alcohol advertising in place. Name 3 ways that sporting events help boost the local. Brand appearance (both HFSS and alcohol) across Group G matches was higher than group A matches, and higher in matches played by the host country (Russia, despite the prohibition of alcohol advertisement) than other group G matches, though these difference are not statistically significant. Alcohol Alcohol. Retail under pressurebut a critical part of the future channel mix.Brick-and-mortar stores were already under pressure pre-COVID-19, and lockdown measures have accelerated the retail crisis amid widespread closures and increasing financial pressure. How do I record page views and unique visitors? Send us a tip using our anonymous form. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Its definitely worth a look, but be prepared to choke up slightly. ABB is a Research Fellow supported by Cancer Research UK (C63710/A27908). Our findings lend support to studies calling for comprehensive regulation of food (and beverage) advertising during peak viewing hours accessible to children. Badenhausen K. Anheuser-Busch launches revolutionary incentive-based sponsorship model. The total duration of brand appearances across the 13 matches was 17,009s (283min 5s) or 22.5% of all playing time), of which the McDonalds brand appeared for 5266s (7.0% of playing time), Budweiser for 5225s (6.9% of playing time), Coca Cola for 4275s (5.6% of total playing time) and Powerade for 2243s (3.0% of total playing time, Table 2). how are gross impressions used at sporting events This Sliding Bar can be switched on or off in theme options, and can take any widget you throw at it or even fill it with your custom HTML Code. COVID-19 has ushered in the next normal for the industry, defined by factors including digital commerce, rising demand for sustainable products, and increasing participation in individual forms of sports and exercise. World Health Organization. Already have a theme? D) Sexuality. For example, in one video the punch line of player Yoenis Cespedes is I see the ball, I hit the ball. 9. choose a professional athlete to represent your company, manning brothers because they are well like people and respectable, ice cross, heliskiing; show kiting; show kayaking, what could under armor give participants at sports camps across the country to increase brand awareness and sales, English 9-1 Honors Tri 1 Vocab + definitions, PT700 Anterolateral Abdominal Wall & Inguinal, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Marketing Essentials: The Deca Connection, Carl A. Woloszyk, Grady Kimbrell, Lois Schneider Farese, Geschiedenis kenmerkende aspecten door Femkee. Related Terms Other similar terms include "ad exposure", "ad view" or simply "imp". Partners. 2012;58(1):15. they had to decide how to get them there, which style was selling more, had to check and make sure they were still priced right, if the shoes weren't being promoted then they wouldn't sell as many, researching the demographics of a fan base for a particular sport would be most closely associated with which core standard of marketing, involve the number of times a product is associated with an athlete. On the other hand, only one unique impression is counted per 24-hour period, even when the visitors view the same ad multiple times. What is the market rate of substitution between goods XXX and YYY ? 2017;112:1026. Adult and adolescent exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in contemporary YouTube music videos in Great Britain: a population estimate. entertainment, news presenter | 4.8K views, 28 likes, 13 loves, 80 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from GBN Grenada Broadcasting Network: GBN News 28th April 2023 Anchor: Kenroy Baptiste. Multiply the result by 1,000 to get the total number of impressions. Alcohol product marketing, which includes promotion through sponsorship and other links to national and transnational sporting activities, is a thus a serious concern [4]. When sized up with their overall measured media spend of $6.2 billion, these conglomerates invested 28% of their marketing budgets on the four major U.S. sports leagues. The goal is to motivate others to do the same. Sporting goods companies saw their market valuations fall in the early months of the pandemic. semantics Net decline: 6%, and much of that loss can be laid at the doorstep of Michael Jordan, whose second retirement in 2003 sucked a good deal of juice out of the NBA ratings. A new model for the consumer-goods industry, Reimagining consumer-goods innovation for the next normal, Ensuring high service levels to meet high consumer-demand volatility, Sporting Goods 2021: The next normal for an industry in flux, a strong presence in growing segments and sports categories, including women, China, and athleisure (which we predict together will account for around two-thirds of growth in 2020 to 2023), as well as running and biking, an excellent direct-to-consumer business model, including a proprietary e-commerce and seamless omnichannel offering, powered by a cutting-edge back end (expertise, fast development cycles, and omnichannel capabilities), direct connection to consumers, through digital communities, loyalty programs, and the like, a purpose-driven retail footprint, with specific formats for different store types, credibility on sustainability, either as a differentiator or on par with industry, at a minimum, revisited supply-chain relationships, with built-in agility (for example, local-for-local sourcing and closer partnerships), sports marketing optimized for digital channels, with a focus on influencers (for example, individual athletes) who are aligned with brand values, agility in planning and budgeting, to respond quickly to changes in the market environment (including a potential reemergence of COVID-19). 2018 [cited 2021 Aug 6]; Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44850988, Fleming M. World cup 2018 final in numbers: global TV audience, Fifas revenue and cost of hosting tournament. Get more content like this directly in your inbox. Dixon HG, Scully ML, Wakefield MA, White VM, Crawford DA. The effects of television advertisements for junk food versus nutritious food on childrens food attitudes and preferences. Players that fail to make the necessary changes, conversely, may find themselves stuck in a vicious cycle of worsening commercial performance, higher relative costs, and decreasing investment potential that will undermine their ability to realize opportunities. Studia medioznawcze. People have constantly pushed the envelope and come up with new and great stuff all the time. Population exposure to alcohol and junk food advertising during the 2018 FIFA world cup: implications for public health, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13233-6, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol, https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/alcstratenglishfinal.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e318260a20b, https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/news/news/2018/10/policies-to-limit-marketing-of-unhealthy-foods-to-children-fall-short-of-protecting-their-health-and-rights, https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2018/01/15/teens-likely-to-crave-junk-food-after-watching-tv-ads/, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/advice-for-consumers/television/what-is-the-watershed, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/31857/hfss-review-final.pdf, https://www.asa.org.uk/uploads/assets/846f25eb-f474-47c1-ab3ff571e3db5910/BCAP-Code-full.pdf, https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/health/new-hfss-ad-rules-to-cover-all-children-under-16/545850.article, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/section-nine-commercial-references-tv, https://ukctas.net/pdfs/20181115-ofcom-letter-to-Alex-Barker.pdf, https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/commercial/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/about-fifa/commercial/partners, https://www.marketingdive.com/news/pepsis-soccer-themed-marketing-scores-despite-coke-being-world-cup-sponsor/527878/, http://bufvc.ac.uk/category/learningonscreen, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2019estimates, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK37586/, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2018/04/02/anheuser-busch-launches-revolutionary-incentive-based-sponsorship-model/, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/16/mcdonalds-ends-olympics-sponsorship-deal-early.html, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081016124244.htm, https://movendi.ngo/news/2020/06/19/france-alcohol-advertising-ban-wins-case-in-high-court/, https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44850988, https://www.thesun.co.uk/world-cup-2018/6782884/world-cup-2018-final-in-numbers/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. In 2019, sporting events accounted for 29% of the ad impressions delivered on broadcast TV and 54% of all live commercial views, according to Sporticos analysis of the Nielsen C3 ratings data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. pobre diabla telenovela venezolana; cyberpunk 2077 pixelated hair; new hampshire canada border towns; hoover smartwash fh52000 troubleshooting; marvel actors zodiac signs Alcohol impressions delivered to children ranged from 110, 000 (Panama v Tunisia) to 89.6 million (Tunisia v England), a total of 354 million impressions (Fig. 2018. Impressions are used in banner advertising, which often pays on a per impression basis. Cranwell J, Opazo-Breton M, Britton J. Visual occurrences of each brand that appeared in clear, uninterrupted view on the screen received a single count in each instance. While not officially working with FIFA, the search engine did a great job providing excellent service to football fans around the world, making itself and the event a lot more accessible and popular. reinforcement The total duration of active play for the 13 matches was 75,731s (1,262min and 11s). Definition. creation and maintenance of satisfying exchange relationships, describes how a business blends the 4 marketing elements, what a business offers customers to satisfy needs, involves the locations and methods used to make products available to customers, describes ways to make customers aware of products and encourage them to buy, amount of money individuals have available to spend after paying for the necessities of life, influencing how people chooses to spend their time and money, number of times per advertisement, game, or show that a product or services is associated with an athlete, team, or entertainer, whatever people are willing to spend their money and time viewing rather than participating, which of the following core standards of marketing involves collecting and using data to make future business decisions, which of the following is not part of the marketing mix, list and describe how the six core standards of marketing were involved with the purchase, chacos. Dear @Khaledsaifi. Frequently, these are . Of the most successful campaigns, many were those that were thinking outside the box. Sporting goods 2021: The next normal for an industry in flux. Ad serving metrics are essential for measuring the performance of your digital advertising campaigns and understanding your audience's behavior. Describes how a business blends the four marketing elements of product, distribution (place), price, and promotion. However, Big Alcohol keeps breaking the law or tries to circumvent it despite the legal repercussions [42]. The coming 12 months will likely be characterized by a more positive outlook, albeit amid uncertainty caused by an unfolding second wave of COVID-19 and the relatively slow ramp-up of vaccinations. Privacy If the data is normally distributed with standard deviation$198, find the percent of vacationers who spent less than $1,200 per day. Correspondence to Mathematically: GRPs (%) = 100 * Impressions (#) Defined population (#) 1. b. Illustrate the consumer's opportunity set in a carefully labeled diagram. In 2019, before the pandemic temporarily let the air out of the ball, live sports accounted for 89 of the 100 most-watched broadcasts, with NFL games claiming 61 of those high-rated slots. While on the other hand, the lowest numbers recorded were observed in Panama and Tunisias match, (with HFSS at 7.9 million and alcohol at 3.9 million) (Table 4). In 1998, a commercial unit in the 25 Emmy-nominated TV series delivered some 329 million impressions. Because of this, it is not only necessary to track impression based on these varying metrics but also to find publishers who offer space that can meet the needs of these advertisers. This includes home TV audiences (estimated at 160 million), those who watched the game online and others who watched in public places such as bars, outdoor locations and pubs [46]. Below are examples of some of the best online marketing campaigns in the real of sports that we could find. Now, after looking at the above, lets see what we can learn for our own sports marketing campaigns. Google Scholar. The report is presented in multiple forums, including WFSGIMcKinsey webinars, ISPO 2021, and Global Sports Week 2021. recommend that regulation of TV advertising aimed at children should concentrate on the type of programs where advertisements are broadcast, the type of product, the target audience, the time of day, and the subject matter of advertisements [43]. The BCAP code - the UK code of broadcast advertising. In addition to that, the hashtag is still going strong two years later. The three ways sports marketing can have an impact on the economy is by that it can increase jobs , increase sales , and increase services . There is a consensus that the current global obesity epidemic arises in large part from the increased availability and marketing of affordable, highly processed foods [6]. They can include watching a full video or signing up for an email list through an interactive ad. Available from: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/31857/hfss-review-final.pdf, Advertising standards agency. Among emerging opportunities, womens clothing came to the fore amid increased focus on activities such as home workouts, running, yoga, and Pilates. No surprise then, that it has been repeated several times. PubMed Forbes. 2017;112(Suppl 1):720. 2020 [cited 2021 Aug 6]. Discounting the inevitable volume deflation in 2020, sports investment continues to thrive for all the reasons cited above and thanks to the simple dynamics of the TV ad market. Article Together, the parent companies Amazon, Progressive, Berkshire Hathaway (Geico), Apple, Deutsche Telekom (T-Mobile), Verizon and State Farm in 2020 spent an estimated $1.74 billion on in-game ads, which works out to 45% of their combined TV budgets. In other examples Blackhawk players went babysitting or came by as a birthday surprise. Gross impressions are defined in varying ways by different parties and may relate to a basic view of an ad on a website, or a click on the adby a viewer, or other more involved actions by the website viewer. 2. Gross impression delivered to children across the 13 coded matches were recorded separately (Table 5). Localization will be the number one trend. For instance, if you had 5 clicks and . Sports marketing has a huge impact on the economy. Sportico is a part of Penske Media Corporation. CNBC. #DareToZlatan pic.twitter.com/zshiqHl9eY, Zlatan Ibrahimovi (@Ibra_official) March 10, 2014. Physical-activity gapan opportunity to put healthy lifestyles within reach of all. Int J Obes. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of coding, the TV coverage for three of the thirteen games was coded independently by two coders (KA and RM/AB) using the play, pause, review method previously reported [24, 25] and any differences resolved by discussion. Advertising as a cue to consume: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute exposure to unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverage advertising on intake in children and adults. Get started for free! While we are talking about tools, hashtags deserve a special mention. Available from: https://www.asa.org.uk/uploads/assets/846f25eb-f474-47c1-ab3ff571e3db5910/BCAP-Code-full.pdf, Quinn I. The greatest opportunities, meanwhile, are associated with the potential return of large sports events, including, potentially, the Olympic and Paralympic Games and the ongoing rise in popularity of outdoor and home-based sports. The cost of the endless grange war between the people who drop your calls has led to an escalation in creative; well see your stationary Lily and raise you our Kate McKinnon, and no, were not sure why she spends so much time clomping around, either. Cite this article. World Health Organization. Scully M, Wakefield M, Niven P, Chapman K, Crawford D, Pratt IS, et al. Why is timing important in sports marketing? While sports fans are rowdy and energetic on their own, teams believe that catchy tunes and current hits can increase participation. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The regulator also controls the glamorization of alcohol abuse in programming transmitted before 9pm [17]. Koczak J. how are gross impressions used at sporting events. Digital fitness wont fully replace traditional sports and exercise but rather will enhance them in a bionic hybrid model. c. Show how the consumer's opportunity set changes if income increases by $300\$ 300$300. Google Scholar. And that can never be a bad thing. A digital advertising firm will work with clients to both obtain space on a website (known as a publisher in the industry) and deliver the advertisement from the brand or agency that wants to advertise. 2011;46(2):2103. Zlatan used this simple thought process. Instead of super fit athletes, the videos show everyday women doing their routines. Which brings us to the next point. Available from: https://movendi.ngo/news/2020/06/19/france-alcohol-advertising-ban-wins-case-in-high-court/. Connor JP, Kavanagh DJ, Andrade J, May J, Feeney GFX, Gullo MJ, et al.