The eighth century Muslim invasion of the Iberian Pennisula was largely welcomed by the locals and rejuvenated the area with advanced techn Read allThis program contends that the popular perception of the Muslim occupation of Spain toward the end of the first millennium is largely wrong. This article about a historical documentary film is a stub. When the Moors Ruled in Europe 2005 PG 1h 42m IMDb RATING 7.1 /10 189 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary This program contends that the popular perception of the Muslim occupation of Spain toward the end of the first millennium is largely wrong. Used discs may not include digital copies. When The Moors Ruled In Europe is a documentary movie presented by the English historian Bettany Hughes. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. This contraposition between political and historical concepts raises a broader and more complex discussion of historical knowledge and its relevance in contemporary societies. At nighttime, several streets were often illuminated with lamps. Cities like London or Paris featured paved streets and lamps only centuries later. The Moors brought the Compass from China into Europe. (This was hundreds of years before there was a paved street in Paris or a street lamp in London.) Take note, I am not a historian. On 2 January 1492, the leader of the last Muslim stronghold in Granada surrendered to the armies of a recently united Christian Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragn and Isabella I of Castile, the "Catholic Monarchs"). The main centres of Hispano-Islamic art and architecture, the cities of Cordova, Seville and Granada, are discussed within the chronological framework of developments, both political and cultural, from 710 to 1492. Agriculture under the Moors underwent huge development. Spain owes its special historical position in Europe very largely to his intensive encounter with the Orient. They were finally defeated and driven out by the forces of King Alfonso Henriques. In 1085 Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile recaptured Toledo. When the Moors Ruled in Europe Bettany Hughes (Actor), Timothy Copestake (Director) Rated: Unrated Format: DVD 603 ratings IMDb 7.1/10.0 $3995 Prime Video DVD $39.95 DVD June 10, 2008 1 $39.95 $39.95 $4.96 Watch Instantly with Rent Buy When The Moors Ruled in Europe Frequently bought together + + Total price: The fact remains that, while Christians were still running around Europe clubbing each other on the heads and dying of the common cold, Hindu and Muslim cultures were at the height of innovation and living in an entirely different reality- one where science, medicine, philosophy, the arts, law, and striving for the highest human evolution were the norms. The selected examples reveal the complexity of identity formation in southern Spains multicultural reality, the ambivalence in the encounter with its past and present Moors and the politicisation of the public sphere in the course of current regional and global upheavals. Youll discover the ingenious mathematics behind Granadas dazzling Alhambra Palace, trace El Cids lineage to his Moorish roots, and learn how the Iberian population willingly converted to Islam in droves.Through interviews with noted scholars, youll see how Moorish advances in mathematics, astronomy, art, and agriculture helped propel the West out of the Dark Ages and into the Renaissance. Sign in to rate and Watchlist for personalized recommendations. One of the key genres of evidence of the Moorish demographic in Europe is linguistics. 1. Moorish Spain, however, was a breakaway state; a rival to, not a part of the Abbasid Caliphate. Some of the themes I perceived in this work include the following: on the whole, Muslims were broadly tolerant of all other faiths, while Christians were narrow-minded bigots; the Islamic invasion of the Iberian peninsula was entirely benign and, in some cases, the Muslims took the role of savior of the people oppressed by the Visigoths; and the flow of knowledge and culture from Islamic Spain to Christian Europe was essentially a one-way current rather than a mutually beneficial interchange. If so, please consider becoming a supporter. The Moorish inhabitants received no military aid or rescue from other Muslim nations. In the face of current political tensions, debates about the self and the cultural, religious and ethnic other on Europes periphery have become remarkably delicate. Reviewed in the United States on December 22, 2015. Education was universal in Muslim Spain, while in Christian Europe, 99 percent of the population was illiterate, and even kings could neither read nor write. Alhambra was the seat of Muslim rulers from the 13th century to the end of the 15th century. All Read all. This program contends that the popular perception of the Muslim occupation of Spain toward the end of the first millennium is largely wrong. How much of its influence can be noticed today? In A.D. 711, a Please use a different way to share. Here is the documentary with the erudite professor Bettany Hughes, investigating the important present-day legacy of the Moors on European culture and the hidden history behind the Reconquest of Spain, considered by some as the only successful Crusade, alhambra_granada_s19226929_08.jpg_1306973099, alhambra_granada_t1800146a.jpg_1306973099, alhambra_patio_leones_t1800.jpg_1306973099, alhambra_patio_leones_columnas_t1800110.jpg_1306973099, alhambra_jardines_partal_t1800096.jpg_1306973099, albaicin_granada_s16080100.jpg_1306973099, albaicin_granada_t1800021a.jpg_1306973099, alhambra_jardines_generalife_t1800604.jpg_1306973099 (1), alhambra_palacio_generalife.jpg_1306973099, jardines_generalife_s64044505.jpg_1306973099, banos_el_banuelo_granada_t1800676.jpg_1306973099, alcazaba_torre_almeria_t0400525.jpg_1306973099, alcazaba_patio_alberca_malaga_t2900922.jpg_1306973099, alcazaba_trujillo_t1000575.jpg_1306973099, alcazar_puerta_sevilla_carmona_t4101170.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_zaragoza_t5000098.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_columnas_patio_santa_isabel_t5000476.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_techo_salon_trono_t5000484.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_zaragoza_t5000091.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_zaragoza_t5000094.jpg_1306973099, aljaferia_zaragoza_t5000486.jpg_1306973099, banos_arabes_palma_mallorca_t0701360.jpg_1306973099, banos_arabes_ronda_t2900892.jpg_1306973099, castillo_banos_encina_t2300092.jpg_1306973099, castillo_calatrava_la_vieja_carrion_de_calatrava_t1300339.jpg_1306973099, castillo_de_cuenca_t1600351.jpg_1306973099, castillo_jimena_frontera_t1100408.jpg_1306973099, torre_oro_sevilla_t4100603.jpg_1306973099, reales_alcazares_sevilla_t4101160.jpg_1306973099, reales_alcazares_sevilla_t4100727.jpg_1306973099, reales_alcazares_sevilla_t4.jpg_1306973099, visita-teatralizada-reales-alzaczares-sevilla-c-turismo-sevilla.jpg_1306973099, mezquita_cordoba_t1400050a_.jpg_1306973099, mezquita_luz_toledo_t4500123.jpg_1306973099, mezquita_luz_toledo_t4500128.jpg_1306973099, puerta_buey_muralla_niebla_huelva_o.jpg_1306973099, murallas_reales_ceuta_t5100098.jpg_1306973099, torre_espantaperros_alcazaba_badajoz_t0600545.jpg_1306973099, torre_espantaperros_badajoz_t0600543.jpg_1306973099. The work is divided into three sections: the first describes the history of al-Andalus and some additional aspects of interest, such as the etymology and the idea of the myth of al-Andalus. This movies focus is solely on the southwestern corner of Europe, and that is fair enough. Half of man's recorded history had passed before anyone in Europe could read or write. . When The Moors Ruled In Europe is a documentary movie presented by the English historian Bettany Hughes. It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. The noble Goths [the German rulers of Spain to whom Roderick belonged] were broken in an hour, quicker than tongue can tell. The Moors dominated the culture of the Iberian Peninsula for nearly a century, influencing art and science for years to come--despite subsequent Spanish efforts to deny Moorish cultural impact. When the Moors Ruled in Europe Bettany Hughes traces the story of the mysterious and misunderstood Moors, the Islamic society that ruled in Spain for 700 years, but whose legacy was virtually erased from Western history. When the Moors Ruled in Europe Here is the documentary with the erudite professor Bettany Hughes, investigating the important present-day legacy of the Moors on European culture and the hidden history behind the Reconquest of Spain, considered by some as the only 'successful' Crusade The DVD is of god quality and, considering it was shipped to UK from the States, delivery was accetable. Do you enjoy the content on Culture Whiz? When The Moors Ruled in Europe (600) 7.2 1 h 39 min 2005 PG Prepare to be immersed in the rise and fall of Islamic culture in Spain and Portugal. During this period, Christian rulers continued efforts in Northern Spain to recapture the south. Beginning in the Renaissance, "Moor" and "blackamoor" were also used to describe any person with dark skin. I think the same host did a tour of the Alhambra in another documentary. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. I love how this story makes some people uncomfortable. The Islamic invaders actually brought stunning advances in science and art to their territories. The movies title refers to Europe, but unmentioned is the even longer involvement and rule of Muslims in southeastern Europe. Directors Timothy Copestake Genres All rights reserved, Web design and development WeDesign Media. Islamic architecture and literature came to dominate Spanish life, the effects of which are still visible today. Acorn Media // Unrated // June 10, 2008. When the Moors Ruled in Europe As part of the Channel 4's Hidden Civilization season exploring Islam's rich and significant contribution to western art and culture, historian Bettany Hughes traces the story of the mysterious and misunderstood Moors, the Islamic society that ruled in Spain for 700 years, but whose legacy was virtually erased . When describing the construction of the Alhambra, Bettany Hughes credits "a huge empire stretching as far as China" with supplying the resources. In some languages, Moore was transliterated as Black, Blackamoor, Negro, Schwarz or Schwarzkopf (German). It is a two-part series on the contribution the Muslims made to modern Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain, which ended with the Spanish Inquisition in the 14th century. Since the 1980s, immigration from the southern shores of the Mediterranean has increased significantly and Spain began to attract attention as an important site for junctions and fractures between Europe and the Maghreb. I have also watched a drama called Isabel which gave history from other perspective (kind of, in drama form of course). This article focuses on how convivencia has become a universal reference regarding the Middle Ages in Spain. It describes cities important during the Muslim rule, their architecture and well-known monuments, as well as visible influence in the following areas: language, music, literature and cuisine. The most significant Moorish musician was known as Ziryab (the Blackbird) who arrived in Spain in 822. Known as The Moors, they went on to build a rich and powerful society. Genealogies of Orientalism and Occidentalism: Sephardi Jews, Muslims, and the Americas (coauthored by E. Shohat & R. Stam), Jewish-Muslim Crossings in the U.S. & the Americas, Dalia Kandiyoti & Dean Franco, eds., Studies in American Jewish Literature, Penn State UP, 35:1, 2016. Furthermore, the Alhambra was built in the mid-14th century, one hundred years after the Abbasid Caliphate fell, and over 400 years after the Abbasids lost control of everything outside Iraq. Rediscovering the Sacred in our Lives and in our Times. It covers this important period in Medieval Europe. The Moors Ruled Spain and Portugal 754 Years Before The Collapse of The Mali Empire Here are some facts about the Moors in Europe: 1. 119-161. Product Information. You will want to watch it more than just once. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. I love how this story makes some people uncomfortable. Ffilm ddogfen yw When The Moors Ruled in Europe a gyhoeddwyd yn 2005. In 711 AD, a tribe of newly converted Muslims from North Africa crossed the straits of Gibraltar and invaded Spain. 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This was at a time when public libraries in Europe were non-existent. I would say that most of the documentary is well intended, but there is always that slight demeaning applied to most of Spain's history. Too bad that political correctness was more important than facts and logic in this documentary, what a waste of money and time. Bettany Hughes, an English historian, through her documentary When the Moors Ruled in Europe, attempts to rediscover the golden age and Muslims contributions to the world civilization through images and visual discourses. Oh luckless Spain! The Moorish invasion of Western Europe began in the 8th century A.D. During the early decades of this period Moors crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and started their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. You're sad. Among the outstanding architectural witnesses to this achievement are the Great Mosque in Cordova and the Alhambra in Granada, recognized and admired as part of the worlds heitage right up to the present day. Culture was at a low ebb everywhere when the Moors, with their love of art, architecture and the sciences, rode in to save . The last part focuses more on practical aspects: it is based on interviews with Spaniards and it analyzes their attitude towards all the issues raised in the theoretical parts. Sgwennwyd y sgript yn wreiddiol yn Saesneg. This article presents two popular performances of historic Muslim-Christian clashes in the Andalusian province of Granada: the Da de la Toma in the city of Granada and a Festival of Moors and Christians in a small village south of the Sierra Nevada. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. When the Moors ruled in Europe Alek Bou 34 subscribers 3.5K views 13 years ago Documentary tracing the story of the Islamic Moors and the society they ruled in Southern Spain for some seven. The Moors eventually ruled over Spain, Portugal, North Africa and southern France for over seven hundred years. Trans-national migrant communites and sub-national identity politics in Andalusia, Deconstructing discourses on racism in educational contexts in Spain: Along a continuum of racialization new and old (2012), A RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN SPAIN From Rome to Philip II A RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN SPAIN, Distorted Narratives: Morocco, Spain, and the Colonial Stratigraphy of Cultural Heritage, Narrating the Islamic Conquests and Holy War, The Beginning and End of the Good Myth of al-Andalus: 711 and 1609. It is a series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Most of the Moors were driven from Spain, but two groups, the Mudejares and Moriscos, remained. [T]he reins of their (Moors) horses were as fire, their faces black as pitch, their eyes shone like burning candles, their horses were swift as leopards and the riders fiercer than a wolf in a sheepfold at night . Although the film does contain some interesting facts and lovely images, I found it to be an extraordinarily simplistic treatment of the period and its subject. I was happy to see this summary, and recommend it. A European scholar sympathetic to the Spaniards remembered the conquest in this way: a. Many new crops like sugarcane, apricots, oranges, lemons, ginger, peaches, pomegranates, cotton, saffron, etc. "@AaronGabriel80 @Bibit2005 @SLykurg @SherifT78060270 9/ Moors ruled Europe for another 700 years. Really enjoyed it amazing knowledge more people need to know about this. If you are interested in European history, this is a real eye opener with regard to Spanish history and the photography is spectacular. I think the same host did a tour of the Alhambra in another documentary. Likewise, the colonial term morisco was applied to a mixed-race person whose parents were a white Spaniard and a mulatto (an African-Spaniard), the equivalent of quadroon in British colonies. Anyone incapable of appreciating that demonstrates why the Christian influence, in its one-sided mission to impose itself upon the world, was a destructive force even at its own expense. In view of the fact of ongoing, public debates on how to bring about a new world order, we trace the notion of a clash of civilizations in intellectual history and depict early attempts to shed light on cultural techniques of exchange and cohabitation. It was through Africa that the new knowledge of China, India, and Arabia reached Europe. Obviously it glosses over some subjects and might be too broad or generalized for some who want deep dives into subjects, but it was very well done. How much historical and cultural knowledge do the Spanish have on this subject? This program describes these innovations. The true-story is simply telling the truth about black people in past civilizations. Moreover, deconstructs and answers back some Western stereotypes by giving voice to the forgotten legacy of the Muslim other of Spain. This critically acclaimed documentary explores the 700-year history of Islamic rule on the Iberian Peninsula. WHEN THE MOORS RULED IN EUROPE - Acorn DVD - Documentary - VGC FREEPOST | Films & TV, DVDs & Blu-rays | eBay! The Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when an African army, under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from northern Africa and invaded the Iberian peninsula Andalus (Spain under the Visigoths).2. The Moors kept large parts of Spain under their control for about eight centuries between A.D. 711 and around A.D. 1492. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, public libraries in Europe were non-existent, while Moorish Spain could boast of more than seventy, of which the one in Cordova housed six hundred thousand manuscripts. The Moors boasted a remarkably high literacy rate for a pre-modern society. The greatest number of conclusions can be derived from the research described in empirical chapter. All in all, I liked the documentary--mostly because it challenges traditional interpretations of history. The answers to these questions result from the analysis of an extensive source database and the realization of a series of semi-structured interviews with Spaniards, which were necessary to understand and develop the subject. This served as the basis of a series of attacks against Europe over the next few centuries. Sheikh Nazim Adil Al-Haqqani visist to Khidr-gama or Kataragama. During its peak, Cordova, the center of Moorish territory in Spain, was the most modern city in all of Europe. bettany well done. The noble Goths [the German rulers of Spain to whom Roderick belonged] were broken in an hour, quicker than tongue can tell. Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, Globalisms and Power: Iberian Education and Curriculum Policies, Amir Rahimi, Vanessa Vroon, Beneddine Narimen, Maria Cruz, American Academy of Research Historians of Medieval Spain (AARHMS), Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association, Medieval Encounters 20, issue 2 (2014), pp. Anyone capable of transcending binary thinking to more mature ways of viewing and understanding the world will enjoy seeing this period of time uncovered and spoken about in a more truthful and holistic way. The Conquest of Al Andalus Accelerated Europe's Renaissance. The era ended with the Reconquista during which the Catholic authorities burnt over 1,000,000 Arabic texts. Over the next almost 800 years, the Christians in the region slowly chipped away at this new Muslim kingdom until it was ultimately reconquered in 1492 and Spain was unified. As usual, Hughes is an excellent host and keeps our interest throughout. 1. Russia (alternative title) . The reconquest of Spain, even if it is considered an ethnic cleansing, wasn't different to those of the rest of Europe, which happened way before Spain had done it, including the one for which Spain is most vilified, the expulsion of the Jewish people from Spain, which happened long after most countries in Europe have done it already, and was Spain where most of them arrived after it. In this article we re-examine notions of relativism and universalism in the history of anthropology through a re-appraisal of anthropological research in the Mediterranean. When the Moors Ruled in Europe Edit Summaries This program contends that the popular perception of the Muslim occupation of Spain toward the end of the first millennium is largely wrong. Like many name tags, Moor evolved into a variety of personal names. 5. Its low scarlet and gold roof, supported by 1,000 columns of marble, jasper and and porphyry, was lit by thousands of brass and silver lamps which burned perfumed oil. The purpose of this documentary appears to have been to rehabilitate the reputation of Islamic rule in Spain from the eighth through the fifteenth centuries. When the Moors Ruled in Europe. 15. Would strongly recommend this DVD. Reviewed in the United States on July 8, 2018. Cordova also boasted about 900 public baths. An analysis of the al-Andalus myth as evocked by Andalusians and Sephardim today. Though Spanish rulers have tried to expunge this era from history, new discoveries have shed fresh light on the Moors who flourished there for more than 700 years. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . This article related to a British film of the 2000s is a stub. Scientific progress in Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Geography and Philosophy flourished in Moorish Spain, 4. "DVD Video Reviews: When the Moors Ruled in Europe", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=When_the_Moors_Ruled_in_Europe&oldid=1142949609, This page was last edited on 5 March 2023, at 04:27. It is the result of her studies on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. Also Known As (AKA) (original title) When the Moors Ruled in Europe. - Allen J.Z. Understanding the roots of the Spanish language as well and how many names are derived from Arabic, such as Al Hambra, the influences between the cultures are really interesting in the makeup of Spain, Portugal, and Europe from North Africa and vice versa. Though it looks to be expensive, it is good value for money. Reviewed in the United States on August 3, 2018. As a result, agricultural production in the region surged. Otherwise, worth the watch. 152-198, The Extreme Right and the Revision of History, Qurtuba: some critical considerations of the Caliphate of Crdoba and the myth of convivencia, Performing al-Andalus, Remembering al-Andalus: Mediterranean Soundings from Mashriq to Maghrib. Journal of American Folklore. Studies in American Jewish Literature: A Journal of Literary Criticism & Theory, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. The effort to build libraries and institutions of higher learning in Moorish Spain was largely led by the members of the Umayyad Dynasty, who wanted to be perceived as intellectual rivals to the Abbasids in Baghdad. It is sad that 20 years of war has conditioned so many people to politicize an entire religion to the point where they cannot appreciate anything about an ancient culture and its contributions to humanity. The Moors, who ruled Spain for 800 years, introduced new scientific techniques to Europe, such as an astrolabe, a device for measuring the position of the stars and planets. Shows the beauty and influences of such sites as Alhambra etc. Reviewed in the United States on April 18, 2015. It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. Arabic words such as algebra, alcohol, chemistry, nadir, alkaline, and cipher entered the language. It may seem that more than 800 years (8th 15th) of developing the Arab culture in Spain has still been very much alive, because this cultural legacy continues to be extremely impactful in areas such as: tourism, economy and social coexistence of different groups (convivencia). Obviously it glosses over some subjects and might be too broad or generalized for some who want deep dives into subjects, but it was very well done. . The purpose of this documentary appears to have been to rehabilitate the reputation of Islamic rule in Spain from the eighth through the fifteenth centuries. The visuals in this film are beautiful, too! The first civilization of Europe was established on the Greek island of Crete in 1700 BC and the Greeks were primarily civilized by the Black Africans of the Nile Valley. At that time, Europe had only two universities, the Moors had seventeen great universities! 168.119.174.137 u can see racism came becz Europeans wanted revenge from Moors" 7. The Moors eventually ruled over Spain, Portugal, North Africa and southern France for over seven hundred years. Summary: "When the Moors Ruled on Europe" is a fascinating two-part look at what the Christians sought to hide and destroy : how the Islamic race transformed Europe, bringing a wealth of developments, public infrastructure and societal concepts that were light years ahead of England at the time. "The Sephardi-Moorish Atlantic: Between Orientalism and Occidentalism" in Between the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora, Ella Habiba Shohat and Evelyn Azeeza Alsultany eds., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013, pp. So it turns out that the U.S. is not the only country that has been subject to revisionist history in its cultural narratives and institutions of learning. ${cardName} not available for the seller you chose. Khidr, the Mountain of the Prophets of Anne Catherine Emmerich, Al khidr or Khwaja Khidir and the Fountain of Life, Ritualising asceticism and Symbolizing mortification, The parrot : Seeker of eternal life from the Conference of the Birds, Mawlana Shaykh Mohammed Adil Khawajagan Ziyarah Tour september 2021, Dear Beloved Son/ Ayyuhal WaladAl Ghazali, The Syrian Uprising and Signs Of The Hour, What Hijra the Emigration demands of us, Time and Space in the Symbolism of Abel and Cain, TIME CHANGED INTO SPACE TOWARD DISSOLUTION. The Moors invaded Spanish shores in 711 AD and African Muslims literally civilized the wild, white tribes from the Caucus. However, over the years she's branched off in a few other directions--in this case the Moors in Spain. To fulfill the research objective set, it was necessary to answer the following questions: How important is this period in the history of Spain? What is the English language plot outline for When the Moors Ruled in Europe (2005)? The Berbers are native tribes ofAfrica. Over the next almost 800 years, the Christians in the region slowly chipped away at this new Muslim kingdom until it was ultimately reconquered in 1492 and Spain was unified. Fouad EL AOUNI FLDM Fes When the Moors Ruled in Europe Throughout delving and digging deep in history including archives and newspapers, it is apparent that the medieval age from the 8th century until the 15th century is the period when the Moors of Spain were at their zenith and their flourishment in Al-Andalus for more than 700 years. But within the Moorish territory of Spain alone, almost 17 universities existed. living in spain now much history has been airbrushed because of recent events. The Moors created a huge impact in the field of education. THE ASCENT OF THE SOUL THROUGH THE SPHERES. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. UK. The Moors not only brought their religion, but also their music, their art, their view of life, and their architecturetwo of the greatest examples of which are the Alhambra in Granada and the Escorial in Cordoba. Even words such as checkmate, influenza, typhoon, orange, and cable can be traced back to Arabic origins. During the night, ten miles of streets were well illuminated by lamps. When The Moors Ruled In Europe is a documentary movie presented by the English historian Bettany Hughes. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. When the Moors Ruled in Europe. 10. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The documentary mentioned that in 1526 there. I know that's hard to handle. Spains greatest author Miguel de Cervantes used a Moorish character to narrate the story of the central character in his famous book Don Quixote.
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